Video Tracking Technologies and Identity Systems 
	
A Mediaeater Report   Nov. 2001



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THIS DOCUMENT IS IN DRAFT FORM - 
   ALL INFO IS NOT CONFIRMED 
Ver.  0.7  Last Rev:  Wednesday, November 21, 2001 - 6:21:36 PM
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	Index

	Definition
	Industry Players
	News Items 
	Related Research 
	Benchmarks and Tests
	Papers
	Laws
	Usage by Sector
	1999 Biometrics Revenue by technology
	Glossary
	Problems  With..
	Recommendations 


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Facial Recognition

Face recognition analyzes facial characteristics / facial image of a person for authentication.


See:  DOD - Facial Recognition 101 (pdf) 
==============




Industry Players
(alpha sort)


> Company

  --    BioID AG 
  --    Raleigh, NC 
  --    www.bioid.com
  --    info.america@bioid.com


BioID AG develops, produces and markets biometric personal identification systems


> Company

 --    Biometrica Systems, Inc   
 --    Mont Vernon, NH 
 --    www.biometrica.com
 --    info@biometrica.com


The Visual Casino Product suite is a set of products and services that provide
casinos with identification tools for use in surveillance and security.
Facial Recognition, Database, Image, and Network technologies.
Clients include Foxwoods, Trump, Stratosphere..



> Company

 --    eTrue
 --    Southborough, MA
 --    http://www.etrue.com/

Managed service provider of  biometric authentication for trusted services. 

TrueFace Engine
Core software module for locating, verifying and/or identifyng
people's faces. This face recognition software engine can be
customized to any face recognition application from secure
financial transactions to database searches to surveillance
identification. All the interface hooks are in place so that
integration is a snap.

TrueFace ID
Complete solution for identifying a person's face in a database of 
people's faces from either a surveillance video or image files.




> Company

  --    FaceKey Corp
  --    San Antonio, TX
  --    facekey.com
  --    info@facekey.com



> Company

  --     Image Metrics
  --     Stockport, Cheshire, UK
  --     info@image-metrics.com
  --    image-metrics.com

Image Metrics have a model-based computer vision platform called Optasia™, 
which automates the extraction of information from images and video.
a "Image Understanding platform"   



> Company

  --   Imagis Technologies Inc. (OTCBB: IGSTF; CDNX: NAB; GERMANY: IGY)
  --   Vancouver, B.C. Canada
  --   http://www.imagis-cascade.com/
  --   info@imagistechnologies.com 

Imagis Technologies is a Canadian developer of image identification software with a focus on biometric facial recognition.
Imagis markets its technology as both modules, for integration into existing applications, and as complete products for law 
enforcement departments, security agencies, and casinos, who all have a clear need for facial recognition capabilities.
Systems and installations can be found in numerous sites as diverse as international airports, casinos, government offices, 
correctional institutions, and police departments around the world.
Imagis Technologies - Products - Airport Security - ID-2000 




> Company

 --     Lau Technologies /  Viisage Inc.
  --    Littleton, MA
 --     www.lautechnologies.com
  --    info@viisage.com 
  --   Viisage.com


Viisage's face-recognition technology uses "eigenfaces," which map 
characteristics of a person's face into a multi-dimensional face space. 
The unknowing usage of their product at the Super Bowl did not play
well in early 2001





> Company

  --   MetaSignal, Inc.
  --   Newton, MA
  --   info@metasignal.com
  --  www.metasignal.com

MetaSignal, Inc. is developing a system that offers theme park guests a 
high quality digital video souvenir of their entire day at the park without 
having  to carry a camcorder. Video clips of a specific individual or group 
taken throughout a park by well positioned cameras are automatically 
assembled to create a personalized DVD movie. 

Video Information System that manages  MPEG-2 footage from multiple live 
camera sources.  Video streams are indexed via precision metadata (tracking 
or other information) and can be automatically and simultaneously, queried, 
retrieved, and assembled by many clients. 




> Company

  --   Neurodynamics Limited 
  --   Cambridge  UK 
  --   biometrics@neurodynamics.com 
  --   neurodynamics.com

Tridentity is Neurodynamics biometric identification poduct focused on
three-dimensional facial recognition.




> Company

 --     Printrak 
 --     Anaheim, California 
 --     printrakinternational.com
 --     info@printrak.com   

Imagetrak™ 5.0  Intelligent Image Management System 
http://www.printrakinternational.com/Imagetrak.htm




> Company

  --   SafeTzone Technologies Corp.
  --   Laguna Hills, CA
  --   www.safeTzone.com 
  --   Clients:    Wild Rivers water park in Irvine, Calif.

SafeTzone is a guest tracking system that quickly locates their child on a map of the park.  
SafeTzone products are used  at Waterparks/Theme Amusement Parks, Casinos/Hotels,
Cruise Ships.

SafeTzone System consists of SafeTzone Tags, (about the size of a wrist watch) which are
worn by each member of the family or party, and the SafeTzone software and hardware 
that is installed in the environment.   By making an inquiry at any LocationStationtm within 
the environment, any parent or child may locate the other.  

Using radio signals, SafeTzone can read Tags at long distances (no line of sight is required) 
and track their movement within a defined perimeter.  The data generated by the hardware 
is tied to SafeTzone’s software infrastructure that transforms, distributes and displays it at the 
LocationStations using the environment’s own Ethernet backbone.



> Company

  --   TSSI
  --   Mandrake Facial Recognition System 
  --   Swindon, United Kingdom
  --   email: info@scipher.com 
  --   Mandrake Facial Recognition 

Mandrake Facial Recognition System provides automatic monitoring for known faces, 
accepting video input from Wavelength CCTV or other non-photographic
sources. Images are compared with those on the database to check for a match. 
Customised extensions to the system enable integration with electronic photo-fit
systems and automatic number plate recognition.

TSSI, a Scipher company make automated systems for the authentication 
of people, objects and documents.  Biometrics technologies, structured magnetics 
and identity systems for integration into new or existing security systems

Quote  (product information sheet.) 
"The Case for Face Recognition ...Covert - the subject does not need not know of its operation." 




> Company

  --   Visionsphere Technologies 
  --    Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
  --   http://www.visionspheretech.com/

Company has developed proprietary face recognition software and hardware products.

UnMask Plus is a software AI (artificial intelligence) system for
identification and removal of duplicate or multiple images from large
photo-ID databases. 

It's Me -- an advanced automatic computer logon authentication
system. The system hardware and software components can not
only be used to verify the identity of a network or workstation user at
logon time, they can also be used as part of e-Business verification,
video conferencing, etc. 

FaceCam -- Visionsphere's layered, biometric, user-verification
terminal, designed and built specially for secure access
applications, such as physical access control, time and attendance
and registration systems.  



> Company

  --   Visionics Corporation (Nasdaq: VSNX) 
  --   Minnetonka, MN 
  --   Visionics Facial Recognition
  --    info@visionics.com

Company is the maker of  identification technologies and systems. Products like
FaceIt, live scan and IBIS which are biometric identification systems that use  facial 
recognition technology.   TENPRINTER and FingerPrinter CMS are live scan systems 
used by government agencies, law enforcement, airports, banks and other commercial 
institutions.  IBIS is a remote identification system that uses a capture and transmission 
method that alows access into law enforcement and other legacy databases.
==============



Papers 
ResearchIndex (NEC Research Institute )
On-line publications (page is maintained by Peter Kruizinga)
Biometrics: Uses and Abuses
Face Recognition and Tracking from Video.
Eye Identification for Face Recognition with Neural Networks
Face Recognition by Elastic Bunch Graph Matching 
Fabrizio Smeraldi's Papers
 Automatic Detection and Tracking of Faces and Facial Features in Video Sequences
Public Video Surveillance: Is It An Effective Crime Prevention Tool?
==============



Related Research 
 The Face Recognition Home Page 
Video Surveillance and Monitoring Homepage
bio1.com
www.dss.state.ct.us/digital.htm 
Biometric Consortium 
Feature Detection
Facial Animation
Biometrics.cse.msu.edu 
www.aamva.org/aamvanet/index.html
http://www.aamva.org/drivers/drvIDSecurityDocuments.asp
Facial Analysis 
http://www.epic.org/privacy/facerecognition/
Privacy International Video Surveillance 
The Face Detection Homepage. By Robert W. Frischholz
 Ear Identification 

Image Understanding
==============



Benchmarks and Tests
Facial Recognition Vendor Test (FRVT) 2000 Results 
FERET Database Demo  
FRVT_2000  size 6410942 bytes - 11/14/2001
Facial Recognition Vendor Test 2000 Final Report   (.pdf)  size 409552 bytes

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Laws
Flordia v Thomas 
Kyllo v. United States (99-8508)
Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347 (1967) (USSC+)
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Useage by Sector



	City/State 

	Virginia Beach VA
	Tampa FL


	Casino industry  (matched against a database of scam artists)





	Airports    (matched against a database of terrorists)


	Logan Airport (2)
	Iceland's Keflavik Airport
	Toronto's Pearson Airport
	San Francisco International Airport (tbc)
	Oakland International Airport (tbc)
	McGhee Tyson Airport  Knoxville, Tenn.(tbc)



==============


	1999 Biometrics Revenue by technology

	Fingers  		34%
	Hand			26%
	Face Scanning	 	15% 
	Voice  			11%
	Signature		3%
	Retina			2%
	Iris			9%

		Source: Internataional Biometrics Group

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Glossary


A Statistical Learning/Pattern Recognition Glossary

EER   Equal Error Rate

FAR   False Acceptance (or Alarm) Rate

FERET   A comprehensive U.S. government face recognition test, used for personnel security. 

Authentication:   Any process that validates who you are

Biometric: A unique, machine measurable biological trait or characteristic that can be used
to verify identity. Common biometrics are fingerprint, hand geometry, retina or iris patterns and face. 

Enrollment: The process of generating a biometric template for a user. It is used during the
comparison cycle in biometric technology for authentication.  

False Acceptance: When a system accepts someone that is not legitimate and allows
access. Sometimes called a false positive and also known as a Type II error. 

False Rejection: When a system fails to recognize or verify a person and therefore
rejects a legitimate user. Also called a Type I error. 

Minutiae: 
Unique characteristics of a fingerprint linked via algorithms. This linking forms a unique 
pattern called a minutiae template.

Appearance (supported by still images) 
e.g. descriptions used in passports, such as height, weight, colour of skin, hair and eyes, visible physical
markings, gender, race, facial hair, wearing of glasses natural physiography 
e.g. skull measurements, teeth and skeletal injuries, thumbprint, fingerprint sets, handprints, retinal scans,
earlobe capillary patterns, hand geometry, DNA-patterns 

bio-dynamics 
 e.g. the manner in which one's signature is written, statistically-analysed voice characteristics, 
keystroke dynamics, particularly login-id and password 

social behaviour (supported by video-film) 
e.g. habituated body-signals, general voice characteristics, style of speech, visible handicaps 

imposed physical characteristics 
e.g. dog-tags, collars, bracelets and anklets, bar-codes and other kinds of brands, embedded 
micro-chips and transponders 


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Problems  With..


	Lighting
	Age  
	Glasses  
	Hair
	Hats

	
 

==============


Recommendations  

(in part)

Safeguards be adopted to ensure that biometric data is not misused to compromise any information, 
or released without personal consent or the authority of law;  e.g. Prohibiting collected face scan data 
from being sold to or shared with third parties without a warrant, civil subpoena or the informed consent 
of the person;  

Private sector implement policies that clearly set forth how biometric data will be 
collected, stored, accessed, and used, and that preserve the rights of individuals 
to limit the distribution of the data beyond stated purposes;

The government sector adopt clear legal standards that carefully define and limit the 
conditions under which agencies of national security and law enforcement may acquire,
access, store, and use biometric data; and seeing that government agencies need to get a 
warrant before using face scan systems

In both the public and private sectors, managerial and technical controls be put in place 
to protect the confidentiality and integrity of databases containing biometric data.

Requiring data that doesn’t match that of a criminal or a suspected criminal to be destroyed.

(culled from SB 169 and the International Biometric Industry Association)